COMPANY·HISTORIES
NAIC 541310

Architectural Services

How the companies in this industry began, and the forces that shaped them.

12companies1917–1958founding years12still active0no longer operating
§ 01

The industry over time

Companies foundedEconomyTechnologyEnvironmentHistory
FoundedHDR Inc.FoundedHDR Inc.
1917
FoundedFluor CorporationFoundedFluor Corporation
1924
1929
EconomyThe stock market crashes; the Great Depression spreads worldwide.
1939
EconomyWorld War II begins; wartime production surges.
FoundedThe Parsons CorporationFoundedThe Parsons Corporation
1944
1945
EconomyThe war ends; a long global expansion begins.
1947
TechnologyThe transistor is invented.
FoundedPPB Group BerhadFoundedPPB Group Berhad
1948
FoundedHOK Group, Inc.FoundedHOK Group, Inc.
1955
FoundedHeery International, Inc.FoundedHeery International, Inc.
1958
TechnologyThe integrated circuit is demonstrated.
1962
EnvironmentSilent Spring launches the modern environmental movement.
1971
EconomyThe dollar leaves the gold standard; currencies float.
1973
EconomyThe OPEC oil embargo triggers a global shock.
1975
TechnologyThe personal-computer era begins.
1979
EconomyA second oil crisis drives inflation higher worldwide.
1981
TechnologyThe IBM PC launches and sets a standard.
1984
TechnologyApple ships the Macintosh; the GUI era begins.
1987
EconomyBlack Monday: markets fall sharply around the world.
1989
HistoryThe Berlin Wall falls; global markets open up.
1991
TechnologyThe World Wide Web is released to the public.
1993
TechnologyThe Mosaic browser brings the web to everyone.
1995
TechnologyWindows 95 launches; the internet goes mainstream.
1997
EconomyThe Asian financial crisis rattles global markets.
EnvironmentThe Kyoto Protocol sets the first climate targets.
2000
EconomyThe dot-com bubble bursts.
2004
TechnologySocial media and Web 2.0 take hold.
2007
TechnologyThe iPhone launches the smartphone era.
2008
EconomyThe global financial crisis freezes credit worldwide.
2010
TechnologyCloud computing goes mainstream for business.
2015
EnvironmentThe Paris Agreement sets global climate targets.
2020
EconomyThe COVID-19 pandemic upends the global economy.
2022
EconomyInflation spikes; central banks raise rates sharply.
2023
TechnologyGenerative AI reaches mainstream business use.
§ 02

The companies

HDR Inc. →
Active · founded 1917
HDR Inc.
HDR Inc. →
Active · founded 1917
HDR Inc.
Fluor Corporation →
Active · founded 1924
Mid-1980s:Fluor divests all of its oil properties, some gold operations, and all its offshore drilling facilities.
Fluor Corporation →
Active · founded 1924
Mid-1980s:Fluor divests all of its oil properties, some gold operations, and all its offshore drilling facilities.
The Parsons Corporation →
Active · founded 1944
The Parsons Corporation is a leading international planning, engineering, and construction firm with operations in 46…
The Parsons Corporation →
Active · founded 1944
The Parsons Corporation is a leading international planning, engineering, and construction firm with operations in 46…
PPB Group Berhad →
Active · founded 1948 · Malaysia
One of Malaysia's largest companies, and one of the largest conglomerates in the ASEAN market region, PPB Group Berhad…
PPB Group Berhad →
Active · founded 1948 · Malaysia
One of Malaysia's largest companies, and one of the largest conglomerates in the ASEAN market region, PPB Group Berhad…
HOK Group, Inc. →
Active · founded 1955
HOK's projects during the 1990s solidified the firm's reputation as a prominent architectural and engineering firm…
HOK Group, Inc. →
Active · founded 1955
HOK's projects during the 1990s solidified the firm's reputation as a prominent architectural and engineering firm…
Heery International, Inc. →
Active · founded 1958
Celebrating its 50th anniversary in 2002, Heery International, Inc., is an architectural and engineering firm offering…
Heery International, Inc. →
Active · founded 1958
Celebrating its 50th anniversary in 2002, Heery International, Inc., is an architectural and engineering firm offering…
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