COMPANY·HISTORIES
NAIC 541511

Custom Computer Programming Services

How the companies in this industry began, and the forces that shaped them.

78companies1819–2004founding years70still active8no longer operating
§ 01

The industry over time

Companies foundedEconomyTechnologyEnvironmentHistory
FoundedInvensys PLC
1819
FoundedBanta Corporation
1901
1903
TechnologyThe Wright brothers achieve powered flight.
1914
EconomyWorld War I begins; global trade reorders.
FoundedAquila, Inc.
1926
1929
EconomyThe stock market crashes; the Great Depression spreads worldwide.
1939
EconomyWorld War II begins; wartime production surges.
1945
EconomyThe war ends; a long global expansion begins.
1947
TechnologyThe transistor is invented.
1958
TechnologyThe integrated circuit is demonstrated.
FoundedCACI International Inc.
1962
EnvironmentSilent Spring launches the modern environmental movement.
FoundedKeane, Inc.
1965
FoundedCap Gemini Ernst & Young
1967
FoundedSteria SA
1969
1971
EconomyThe dollar leaves the gold standard; currencies float.
FoundedCompuware Corporation
1973
EconomyThe OPEC oil embargo triggers a global shock.
1975
TechnologyThe personal-computer era begins.
FoundedSCB Computer Technology, Inc.
1976
FoundedMetro Information Services, Inc.
1979
EconomyA second oil crisis drives inflation higher worldwide.
FoundedBMC Software, Inc.
1980
1981
TechnologyThe IBM PC launches and sets a standard.
FoundedAdobe Systems Inc.
1983
1984
TechnologyApple ships the Macintosh; the GUI era begins.
FoundedComplete Business Solutions, Inc.
1985
1987
EconomyBlack Monday: markets fall sharply around the world.
FoundedPerot Systems Corporation
1988
1989
HistoryThe Berlin Wall falls; global markets open up.
FoundedCambridge Technology Partners, Inc.
1991
TechnologyThe World Wide Web is released to the public.
TechnologyLinux and open source challenge proprietary software.
1993
TechnologyThe Mosaic browser brings the web to everyone.
FoundedDigital River, Inc.
1994
FoundedBEA Systems, Inc.
1995
TechnologyWindows 95 launches; the internet goes mainstream.
FoundedIndus International Inc.
1997
EconomyThe Asian financial crisis rattles global markets.
EnvironmentThe Kyoto Protocol sets the first climate targets.
2000
EconomyThe dot-com bubble bursts.
2004
TechnologySocial media and Web 2.0 take hold.
2007
TechnologyThe iPhone launches the smartphone era.
2008
EconomyThe global financial crisis freezes credit worldwide.
2010
TechnologyCloud computing goes mainstream for business.
2015
EnvironmentThe Paris Agreement sets global climate targets.
2020
EconomyThe COVID-19 pandemic upends the global economy.
2022
EconomyInflation spikes; central banks raise rates sharply.
2023
TechnologyGenerative AI reaches mainstream business use.
§ 02

The companies

Invensys PLC →
Defunct · founded 1819 · United Kingdom
Invensys PLC grew out of the merger in 1999 of Britain's Siebe PLC and the British manufacturing conglomerate BTR PLC.
Invensys PLC →
Defunct · founded 1819 · United Kingdom
Invensys PLC grew out of the merger in 1999 of Britain's Siebe PLC and the British manufacturing conglomerate BTR PLC.
NEC Corporation →
Active · founded 1899 · Japan
Early 1920s:NEC, IWE, and a division of the Sumitomo group form a joint venture to produce electrical cables, marking…
NEC Corporation →
Active · founded 1899 · Japan
Early 1920s:NEC, IWE, and a division of the Sumitomo group form a joint venture to produce electrical cables, marking…
Banta Corporation →
Active · founded 1901
Banta Corporation, one of the nation's largest printing and digital imaging companies, literally started in a…
Banta Corporation →
Active · founded 1901
Banta Corporation, one of the nation's largest printing and digital imaging companies, literally started in a…
International Business Machines Corporation →
Active · founded 1910
International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is the largest computer maker in the world.
International Business Machines Corporation →
Active · founded 1910
International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is the largest computer maker in the world.
Aquila, Inc. →
Active · founded 1926
Aquila, Inc.
Aquila, Inc. →
Active · founded 1926
Aquila, Inc.
IKON Office Solutions, Inc. →
Active · founded 1952
IKON Office Solutions, Inc.
IKON Office Solutions, Inc. →
Active · founded 1952
IKON Office Solutions, Inc.
CACI International Inc. →
Active · founded 1962
CACI International Inc.
CACI International Inc. →
Active · founded 1962
CACI International Inc.
Genting Bhd. →
Active · founded 1965 · Malaysia
Genting Bhd.
Genting Bhd. →
Active · founded 1965 · Malaysia
Genting Bhd.
Keane, Inc. →
Active · founded 1965
As a consulting firm offering customized software services, Keane, Inc.
Keane, Inc. →
Active · founded 1965
As a consulting firm offering customized software services, Keane, Inc.
Analysts International Corporation →
Active · founded 1966
Analysts International Corporation (AiC) describes itself as 'a premier information technology services company serving…
Analysts International Corporation →
Active · founded 1966
Analysts International Corporation (AiC) describes itself as 'a premier information technology services company serving…
Cap Gemini Ernst & Young →
Active · founded 1967 · France
Cap Gemini Ernst & Young is one of the world's heavyweights in the information technology services industry.
Cap Gemini Ernst & Young →
Active · founded 1967 · France
Cap Gemini Ernst & Young is one of the world's heavyweights in the information technology services industry.
Logica plc →
Defunct · founded 1969 · United Kingdom
London-based Logica plc provides information technology services, including management consulting, software…
Logica plc →
Defunct · founded 1969 · United Kingdom
London-based Logica plc provides information technology services, including management consulting, software…
Medical Information Technology Inc. →
Active · founded 1969
Headquartered in Westwood, Massachusetts, Medical Information Technology Inc.
Medical Information Technology Inc. →
Active · founded 1969
Headquartered in Westwood, Massachusetts, Medical Information Technology Inc.
Steria SA →
Active · founded 1969 · France
France's Steria SA has leapt onto Europe's computer services scene, claiming the number eight spot in that market after…
Steria SA →
Active · founded 1969 · France
France's Steria SA has leapt onto Europe's computer services scene, claiming the number eight spot in that market after…
GFI Informatique SA →
Active · founded 1970 · France
GFI Informatique SA is one of the fastest-rising information technology (IT) services companies in France, with its…
GFI Informatique SA →
Active · founded 1970 · France
GFI Informatique SA is one of the fastest-rising information technology (IT) services companies in France, with its…
Compuware Corporation →
Active · founded 1973
Compuware Corporation is one of the largest software developers in the world, serving some 3,000 corporate clients by…
Compuware Corporation →
Active · founded 1973
Compuware Corporation is one of the largest software developers in the world, serving some 3,000 corporate clients by…
Transaction Systems Architects, Inc. →
Active · founded 1975
A fast-growing company in an expanding market, Transaction Systems Architects, Inc.
Transaction Systems Architects, Inc. →
Active · founded 1975
A fast-growing company in an expanding market, Transaction Systems Architects, Inc.
SCB Computer Technology, Inc. →
Active · founded 1976
SCB Computer Technology, Inc.
SCB Computer Technology, Inc. →
Active · founded 1976
SCB Computer Technology, Inc.
FLIR Systems, Inc. →
Active · founded 1978
FLIR Systems, Inc.
FLIR Systems, Inc. →
Active · founded 1978
FLIR Systems, Inc.
Metro Information Services, Inc. →
Active · founded 1979
Metro Information Services, Inc.
Metro Information Services, Inc. →
Active · founded 1979
Metro Information Services, Inc.
Misys PLC →
Active · founded 1979 · United Kingdom
Sometimes called the United Kingdom's Microsoft, Misys PLC is at least that country's leading independent information…
Misys PLC →
Active · founded 1979 · United Kingdom
Sometimes called the United Kingdom's Microsoft, Misys PLC is at least that country's leading independent information…
BMC Software, Inc. →
Active · founded 1980
BMC Software, Inc.
BMC Software, Inc. →
Active · founded 1980
BMC Software, Inc.
Infosys Technologies Ltd. →
Active · founded 1981 · India
Infosys Technologies Ltd.
Infosys Technologies Ltd. →
Active · founded 1981 · India
Infosys Technologies Ltd.
Adobe Systems Inc. →
Active · founded 1983
Adobe Systems Inc.
Adobe Systems Inc. →
Active · founded 1983
Adobe Systems Inc.
Shuffle Master Inc. →
Active · founded 1983
Shuffle Master Inc.
Shuffle Master Inc. →
Active · founded 1983
Shuffle Master Inc.
Wind River Systems, Inc. →
Active · founded 1983
Wind River Systems, Inc.
Wind River Systems, Inc. →
Active · founded 1983
Wind River Systems, Inc.
Complete Business Solutions, Inc. →
Active · founded 1985
Founded in 1985 as a contract programming firm, Complete Business Solutions, Inc.
Complete Business Solutions, Inc. →
Active · founded 1985
Founded in 1985 as a contract programming firm, Complete Business Solutions, Inc.
Dendrite International, Inc. →
Active · founded 1987
Dendrite International, Inc., and its subsidiaries are leading providers of a broad array of services and software…
Dendrite International, Inc. →
Active · founded 1987
Dendrite International, Inc., and its subsidiaries are leading providers of a broad array of services and software…
Perot Systems Corporation →
Active · founded 1988
Perot Systems Corporation, based in Dallas and chaired by Texas billionaire H.
Perot Systems Corporation →
Active · founded 1988
Perot Systems Corporation, based in Dallas and chaired by Texas billionaire H.
Transiciel SA →
Defunct · founded 1990 · France
Transiciel SA in one of France's fastest-growing information technology consulting groups, claiming the number three…
Transiciel SA →
Defunct · founded 1990 · France
Transiciel SA in one of France's fastest-growing information technology consulting groups, claiming the number three…
Cambridge Technology Partners, Inc. →
Active · founded 1991
Founded in 1991, Cambridge Technology Partners, Inc.
Cambridge Technology Partners, Inc. →
Active · founded 1991
Founded in 1991, Cambridge Technology Partners, Inc.
Cognizant Technology Solutions Corporation →
Active · founded 1994
Cognizant posted revenues of $178 million in 2001 and $229 million in 2002.
Cognizant Technology Solutions Corporation →
Active · founded 1994
Cognizant posted revenues of $178 million in 2001 and $229 million in 2002.
Digital River, Inc. →
Active · founded 1994
Digital River, Inc.
Digital River, Inc. →
Active · founded 1994
Digital River, Inc.
RealNetworks, Inc. →
Active · founded 1994
RealNetworks, Inc.
RealNetworks, Inc. →
Active · founded 1994
RealNetworks, Inc.
BEA Systems, Inc. →
Defunct · founded 1995
BEA Systems, Inc.
BEA Systems, Inc. →
Defunct · founded 1995
BEA Systems, Inc.
Kurzweil Technologies, Inc. →
Active · founded 1995
Kurzweil Technologies, Inc.
Kurzweil Technologies, Inc. →
Active · founded 1995
Kurzweil Technologies, Inc.
Indus International Inc. →
Active · founded 1997
Based in Atlanta, Georgia, Indus International Inc.
Indus International Inc. →
Active · founded 1997
Based in Atlanta, Georgia, Indus International Inc.
Veridian Corporation →
Active · founded 1997
Veridian Corporation supplies IT services to the federal government.
Veridian Corporation →
Active · founded 1997
Veridian Corporation supplies IT services to the federal government.
META →
Active · founded 2004
Meta Platforms, Inc., formerly known as Facebook, Inc., is one of the world’s leading technology and social networking…
META →
Active · founded 2004
Meta Platforms, Inc., formerly known as Facebook, Inc., is one of the world’s leading technology and social networking…
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