COMPANY·HISTORIES
NAIC 522110

Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (Except Copyrighted Works) (pt)

How the companies in this industry began, and the forces that shaped them.

132companies1727–2003founding years132still active0no longer operating
§ 01

The industry over time

Companies foundedEconomyTechnologyEnvironmentHistory
FoundedThe Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc
1727
FoundedAustralia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited
1835
FoundedFirst Tennessee National Corporation
1864
FoundedAllianz AG
1890
FoundedGrupo Financiero Banorte, S.A. de C.V.
1899
1903
TechnologyThe Wright brothers achieve powered flight.
1914
EconomyWorld War I begins; global trade reorders.
FoundedBank of East Asia Ltd.
1918
FoundedTurkiye Is Bankasi A.S.
1924
1929
EconomyThe stock market crashes; the Great Depression spreads worldwide.
FoundedThe Steak n Shake Company
1934
1939
EconomyWorld War II begins; wartime production surges.
1945
EconomyThe war ends; a long global expansion begins.
FoundedCarvel Corporation
1946
1947
TechnologyThe transistor is invented.
FoundedEmbers America Restaurants
1956
1958
TechnologyThe integrated circuit is demonstrated.
FoundedCanadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
1961
1962
EnvironmentSilent Spring launches the modern environmental movement.
FoundedBanca Fideuram SpA
1968
1971
EconomyThe dollar leaves the gold standard; currencies float.
FoundedInterDigital Communications Corporation
1972
1973
EconomyThe OPEC oil embargo triggers a global shock.
FoundedGiorgio Armani S.p.A.
1975
TechnologyThe personal-computer era begins.
FoundedL.A. Gear, Inc.
1979
EconomyA second oil crisis drives inflation higher worldwide.
1981
TechnologyThe IBM PC launches and sets a standard.
FoundedHooters of America, Inc.
1984
TechnologyApple ships the Macintosh; the GUI era begins.
1987
EconomyBlack Monday: markets fall sharply around the world.
FoundedRFC Franchising LLC
1989
HistoryThe Berlin Wall falls; global markets open up.
1991
TechnologyThe World Wide Web is released to the public.
1993
TechnologyThe Mosaic browser brings the web to everyone.
1995
TechnologyWindows 95 launches; the internet goes mainstream.
FoundedFöreningsSparbanken AB
1997
EconomyThe Asian financial crisis rattles global markets.
EnvironmentThe Kyoto Protocol sets the first climate targets.
2000
EconomyThe dot-com bubble bursts.
2004
TechnologySocial media and Web 2.0 take hold.
2007
TechnologyThe iPhone launches the smartphone era.
2008
EconomyThe global financial crisis freezes credit worldwide.
2010
TechnologyCloud computing goes mainstream for business.
2015
EnvironmentThe Paris Agreement sets global climate targets.
2020
EconomyThe COVID-19 pandemic upends the global economy.
2022
EconomyInflation spikes; central banks raise rates sharply.
2023
TechnologyGenerative AI reaches mainstream business use.
§ 02

The companies

ABN AMRO Holding, N.V. →
Active · The Netherlands
Rooted in 19th-century Dutch East Indies trade, ABN AMRO Holding, NV has grown into a major international bank with…
Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA →
Active · Italy
1467: The first monte di pieta (nonprofit bank), designed to end usury by providing low interest loans, is created.
Old Mutual PLC →
Active · United Kingdom
Old Mutual PLC has shrugged off nearly 150 years as an almost exclusively South African financial services business,…
The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc →
Active · founded 1727 · United Kingdom
The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc ranks as the leading Scotland-based banking group and the number three bank in the…
Bank of Ireland →
Active · founded 1783 · Ireland
The Bank of Ireland is the oldest bank in Ireland.
FleetBoston Financial Corporation →
Active · founded 1791
FleetBoston Financial Corporation is the eighth largest bank in the United States and the largest in New England, with…
State Street Corporation →
Active · founded 1792
State Street Corporation is a bank holding company conducting business principally through its subsidiary State Street…
Citigroup Inc. →
Active · founded 1812
The largest financial services company in the world, with assets in excess of $1 trillion, Citigroup Inc.
Erste Bank der Osterreichischen Sparkassen AG →
Active · founded 1819 · Austria
Erste Bank der Osterreichischen Sparkassen AG has broken out of the tiny Austrian banking market to become one of…
The Bank of Nova Scotia →
Active · founded 1832 · Canada
The Bank of Nova Scotia, the second oldest bank in Canada, was the second largest Canadian bank in 2003 in term of…
Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited →
Active · founded 1835 · Australia
Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) is the second largest of the "Big Four" banks in Australia,…
Marshall & Ilsley Corporation →
Active · founded 1847
Marshall & Ilsley Corporation is the holding corporation for a major Midwest bank, M&I Bank.
Emigrant Savings Bank →
Active · founded 1850
Paul Milstein, along with his sons Howard and Edward, filed an unsuccessful lawsuit in 2000 seeking to remove Philip…
Banknorth Group, Inc. →
Active · founded 1852
One of the 30 largest commercial banking companies in the United States, Banknorth Group, Inc.
Credit Suisse Group →
Active · founded 1856 · Switzerland
Credit Suisse Group, which began as a commercial bank in 1856, at a time when Switzerland was first embracing the…
Apple Bank for Savings →
Active · founded 1863
Under the new chief executive, William J.
Co-operative Group (CWS) Ltd. →
Active · founded 1863 · United Kingdom
Co-operative Group (CWS) Ltd.
First Tennessee National Corporation →
Active · founded 1864
One of the 50 largest bank holding companies in the United States, First Tennessee National Corporation has provided…
Lloyds TSB Group plc →
Active · founded 1865 · United Kingdom
Lloyds TSB Group plc is one of the Big Four British clearing banks in the United Kingdom.
HVB Group →
Active · founded 1869 · Germany
Early 1920s:BV allies itself with Bayerische Handelsbank AG.
Union Planters Corporation →
Active · founded 1869
With more than $34 billion in assets, Memphis-based Union Planters Corporation is Tennessee's largest bank holding…
Dresdner Bank A.G. →
Active · founded 1872 · Germany
The third largest bank in Germany and one of the leading international banks in Europe, Dresdner Bank A.G.
Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation →
Active · founded 1876 · Japan
Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC) was formed from the 2001 merger of Sumitomo Bank and Sakura Bank--Sakura was…
Grupo Financiero Banamex S.A. →
Active · founded 1884 · Mexico
Grupo Financiero Banamex S.A.
Allianz AG →
Active · founded 1890 · Germany
Once known primarily as a German insurance company, Allianz AG has grown to become one of the world's leading financial…
Coop Schweiz Genossenschaftsverband →
Active · founded 1890 · Switzerland
Coop Schweiz Genossenschaftsverband is Switzerland's second-largest food products retailer, behind fellow cooperative…
Julius Baer Holding AG →
Active · founded 1890 · Switzerland
The leading independent private bank in Switzerland, Julius Baer Holding AG has come to epitomize the Swiss banking…
General Electric Company →
Active · founded 1892
The history of General Electric Company is a significant part of the history of technology in the United States.
Weyco Group, Incorporated →
Active · founded 1892
Weyco Group, Incorporated is a major manufacturer, purchaser, and marketer of men's and boy's footwear, including…
Banco de Chile →
Active · founded 1893 · Chile
Banco de Chile is the second largest private bank in Chile and the largest that remains under Chilean ownership.
Barclays plc →
Active · founded 1896 · United Kingdom
With a rich history dating back almost 300 years, Barclays plc has grown into one of the largest financial services…
Grupo Financiero Banorte, S.A. de C.V. →
Active · founded 1899 · Mexico
Grupo Financiero Banorte, S.A.
Bank Leumi le-Israel B.M. →
Active · founded 1902 · Israel
Bank Leumi le-Israel B.M., Israel's second-largest bank, has its origins in the modern Zionist movement of the late…
Wolverine World Wide, Inc. →
Active · founded 1906
Late 1980s:Company begins making hiking and outdoor boots under both the Wolverine and the licensed Coleman brand.
State Financial Services Corporation →
Active · founded 1910
State Financial Services Corporation is the holding company for State Financial Bank, a growing bank centered in…
Bank of China →
Active · founded 1912 · China
Bank of China (BOC) is that country's oldest bank, and also one of its four largest banks, with assets of more than…
UBS AG →
Active · founded 1912 · Switzerland
UBS AG was formed from the 1998 megamerger of Swiss Bank Corporation and Union Bank of Switzerland.
Banca Nazionale del Lavoro SpA →
Active · founded 1913 · Italy
Banca Nazionale del Lavoro SpA (BNL) is Italy's fifth-largest bank and one of the top 100 banks in the world with total…
Bank of East Asia Ltd. →
Active · founded 1918 · Hong Kong
One of Hong Kong's oldest Chinese-owned banks, Bank of East Asia Ltd.
Van Houtte Inc. →
Active · founded 1919 · Canada
Van Houtte Inc.
Bank Hapoalim B.M. →
Active · founded 1921 · Israel
Bank Hapoalim B.M.
State Bank of India →
Active · founded 1921 · India
State Bank of India (SBI) is that country's largest commercial bank.
DEPFA BANK PLC →
Active · founded 1922 · Ireland
DEPFA BANK PLC (Depfa) is one of the world's leading public sector financing banks.
Amalgamated Bank →
Active · founded 1923
Also in 1998, Amalgamated acquired an 81 percent stake in the First Trade Union Trust Company.
Archer-Daniels-Midland Company →
Active · founded 1923
Archer-Daniels-Midland Company (ADM) is one of the world's leading processors and distributors of agricultural products…
TCF Financial Corporation →
Active · founded 1923
TCF Financial Corporation, a financial holding company that compares itself to large successful retailers instead of…
Turkiye Is Bankasi A.S. →
Active · founded 1924 · Turkey
Few banks can be as closely identified with the development of their country as Turkiye Is Bankasi A.S.
Fila Holding S.p.A. →
Active · founded 1926 · Italy
Early 1980s:[fsps*2.5]SNIA BPD S.p.A.
Maid-Rite Corporation →
Active · founded 1926
Maid-Rite Corporation's franchise restaurants have been serving their signature "loose meat" ground beef sandwiches…
Triarc Companies, Inc. →
Active · founded 1929
Triarc Companies, Inc.
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. →
Active · founded 1931
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer S.A. →
Active · founded 1932 · Mexico
Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer S.A.
Hang Seng Bank Ltd. →
Active · founded 1933 · Hong Kong
As Hang Seng entered the new century, its role within HSBC's regional ambitions became more clear, as HSBC targeted the…
The Steak n Shake Company →
Active · founded 1934
One of the oldest restaurant chains in the United States, The Steak n Shake Company operates more than 370 Steak n…
United Overseas Bank Ltd. →
Active · founded 1935 · Singapore
United Overseas Bank Ltd.
London Scottish Bank plc →
Active · founded 1936 · United Kingdom
London Scottish Bank plc (LSB) is one of the United Kingdom's leading providers of credit to the "sub-prime"…
Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, Inc. →
Active · founded 1937
Late 1950s:There are 29 Krispy Kreme shops in 12 states.
Neuberger Berman Inc. →
Active · founded 1939
Neuberger Berman Inc.
Uno Restaurant Holdings Corporation →
Active · founded 1943
Uno Restaurant Holdings Corporation is the controlling body for a group of companies that operate and/or franchise a…
American Greetings Corporation →
Active · founded 1944
Founded in 1906 as a small Cleveland jobber's shop, American Greetings Corporation, which advertises itself as "the…
Carvel Corporation →
Active · founded 1946
Carvel Corporation is a wholesaler and retailer of frozen desserts, as well as a franchisor of frozen dessert outlets.
Long John Silver's →
Active · founded 1946
World War II Years Lederer is forced to close ten of his 13 White Tavern Shoppes because of shortages.
Otto Versand (GmbH & Co.) →
Active · founded 1949 · Germany
While Otto Versand (GmbH & Co.) is the world's largest mail-order company with subsidiaries and affiliates in Europe,…
UnionBanCal Corporation →
Active · founded 1952
San Francisco-based UnionBanCal Corporation is a commercial bank holding company that was incorporated in California in…
McDonald's Corporation →
Active · founded 1955
Since its incorporation in 1955, McDonald's Corporation has not only become the world's largest quick-service…
Medical Management International, Inc. →
Active · founded 1955
Medical Management International, Inc., which prefers to be known by the name under which it does business, Banfield,…
The Toronto-Dominion Bank →
Active · founded 1955 · Canada
The Toronto-Dominion Bank (commonly called TD Bank) ranks as Canada's second largest bank in terms of assets, trailing…
Embers America Restaurants →
Active · founded 1956
Embers America Restaurants, which began as a single-unit neighborhood restaurant in the mid-1950s, has transformed…
PT Bank Buana Indonesia Tbk →
Active · founded 1956 · Indonesia
Bank Buana once again began preparations for its public listing at the end of the 1990s.
Commerzbank A.G. →
Active · founded 1958 · Germany
Commerzbank A.G.
European Investment Bank →
Active · founded 1958 · L-2950 Luxembourg
As the primary financial arm of the European Union, the European Investment Bank (EIB) is also the world's largest bank…
Flanigan's Enterprises, Inc. →
Active · founded 1959
Flanigan operated his business under three names during the 1990s.
Ziebart International Corporation →
Active · founded 1959
Ziebart International Corporation, which offers a wide range of services and products for cars and trucks, is perhaps…
Malayan Banking Berhad →
Active · founded 1960 · Malaysia
Malayan Banking Berhad is the holding company overseeing Malaysia's largest bank, Maybank and a range of financial…
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce →
Active · founded 1961 · Canada
The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) is Canada's third largest bank, trailing only Royal Bank of Canada and…
Kookmin Bank →
Active · founded 1962 · South Korea
Kookmin Bank is not only South Korea's leading commercial bank, it is also a driving force behind the much-needed…
Carlson Restaurants Worldwide →
Active · founded 1965
Carlson Restaurants Worldwide boasts a roster of 820 restaurants in 55 countries, with annual sales exceeding $2…
Domino's, Inc. →
Active · founded 1965
Privately held Domino's, Inc.
Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. →
Active · founded 1965
As a subsidiary of media giant Time Warner Inc., Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.
BNP Paribas Group →
Active · founded 1966 · France
BNP Paribas Group is the fruit of the 1999 merger between two of France's most influential banking groups, the…
Krung Thai Bank Public Company Ltd. →
Active · founded 1966 · Thailand
Krung Thai Bank Public Company Ltd.
Banca Fideuram SpA →
Active · founded 1968 · Italy
Banca Fideuram SpA is Italy's leading assets management and investment banking group, with more than EUR 58 billion in…
J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. →
Active · founded 1968
J.P.
Tubby's, Inc. →
Active · founded 1968
Tubby's, Inc.
Wells Fargo & Company →
Active · founded 1968
Wells Fargo & Company is a diversified financial services company, ranking as the seventh largest bank holding company…
Macquarie Bank Ltd. →
Active · founded 1969 · Australia
Macquarie Bank Ltd.
Red Robin Gourmet Burgers, Inc. →
Active · founded 1969
Red Robin Gourmet Burgers, Inc.
Standard Chartered plc →
Active · founded 1969 · United Kingdom
Standard Chartered plc operates as the leading emerging markets bank in the world.
Taco John's International, Inc. →
Active · founded 1969
Taco John's International, Inc.
InterDigital Communications Corporation →
Active · founded 1972
InterDigital Communications Corporation has been a pioneer in wireless telecommunications technology for more than 30…
Ruby Tuesday, Inc. →
Active · founded 1972
Ruby Tuesday, Inc.
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB →
Active · founded 1972 · Sweden
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB operates as the parent company of the SEB Group, a North European banking concern…
Synovus Financial Corp. →
Active · founded 1972
Synovus Financial Corp.
Empresas Almacenes Paris S.A. →
Active · founded 1973 · Chile
Empresas Almacenes Paris S.A.
Advanta Corporation →
Active · founded 1974
Advanta Corporation originates, services, and sells small business credit card and home equity loans.
Brinker International, Inc. →
Active · founded 1975
Brinker International, Inc.
Giorgio Armani S.p.A. →
Active · founded 1975 · Italy
Giorgio Armani S.p.A.
Wendy's International, Inc. →
Active · founded 1975
Wendy's International, Inc.
Blimpie International, Inc. →
Active · founded 1977
Blimpie International, Inc.
Ryan's Restaurant Group, Inc. →
Active · founded 1977
Ryan's Restaurant Group, Inc., operates more than 300 restaurants in the southern and midwestern United States.
Sbarro, Inc. →
Active · founded 1977
Sbarro, Inc., owns, operates, and franchises an international chain of family-oriented Italian restaurants under the…
Candie's, Inc. →
Active · founded 1978
Candie's, Inc., designs and markets a complete line of footwear, apparel, and accessories to young women.
LoJack Corporation →
Active · founded 1978 · www.lojack.com
LoJack Corporation is the recognized world leader in vehicle-tracking technology.
L.A. Gear, Inc. →
Active · founded 1979
Near the end of a tumultuous decade, L.A.
Immunex Corporation →
Active · founded 1981
Immunex Corporation is a biopharmaceutical company that develops, manufacturers, and markets therapeutic products for…
Rentrak Corporation →
Active · founded 1981
Rentrak Corporation is the world's largest distributor of pre-recorded videocassettes on a pay-per-transaction basis.
Hanmi Financial Corporation →
Active · founded 1982
Hanmi Financial Corporation is the largest Korean-American bank in the Los Angeles area, boasting assets of nearly $3…
Harvey Norman Holdings Ltd. →
Active · founded 1982 · Australia
Harvey Norman Holdings Ltd.
Applebee's International, Inc. →
Active · founded 1983
Applebee's International, Inc.
El Pollo Loco, Inc. →
Active · founded 1983
El Pollo Loco, Inc.
Hooters of America, Inc. →
Active · founded 1984
Hooters of America, Inc.
Banco Comercial Português, SA →
Active · founded 1985 · Portugal
Banco Comercial Português, SA (BCP) is Portugal's largest financial institution.
Southern Financial Bancorp, Inc. →
Active · founded 1986
Southern Financial Bancorp, Inc.
Back Yard Burgers, Inc. →
Active · founded 1987
Back Yard Burgers, Inc.
Svenska Handelsbanken AB →
Active · founded 1987 · Sweden
In its infancy, Svenska Handelsbanken AB was a small bank, with operations confined to the city of Stockholm.
Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria S.A. →
Active · founded 1988 · Spain
Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria S.A.
WFS Financial Inc. →
Active · founded 1988
WFS Financial Inc.
RFC Franchising LLC →
Active · founded 1989
RFC Franchising LLC operates the Ritter's Frozen Custard chain of premium ice cream shops.
Danske Bank Aktieselskab →
Active · founded 1990 · Denmark
Danske Bank Aktieselskab is the largest banking group in Denmark and among the three largest in Scandinavia.
Sberbank →
Active · founded 1991 · Russia
Sberbank is Russia's oldest and largest bank.
Worldwide Restaurant Concepts, Inc. →
Active · founded 1991
Worldwide Restaurant Concepts, Inc.
Tommy Hilfiger Corporation →
Active · founded 1992 · Hong Kong
Tommy Hilfiger Corporation markets menswear, womenswear, and childrenswear designed by Tommy Hilfiger.
Papa John's International, Inc. →
Active · founded 1993
Papa John's International, Inc.
Texas Roadhouse, Inc. →
Active · founded 1993
Texas Roadhouse, Inc.
FöreningsSparbanken AB →
Active · founded 1997 · Sweden
FöreningsSparbanken AB (FS-banken) is one of Sweden's leading banks and one of the largest banking groups in the Nordic…
Nordea AB →
Active · founded 1997 · Sweden
First off the starting block among pan-European banking mergers--a trend expected to boom in the early years of the…
Irish Life & Permanent Plc →
Active · founded 1998 · Ireland
That announcement provided Irish Permanent's Douglas with the opening to propose a new merger between his company and…
Pennzoil-Quaker State Company →
Active · founded 1998
The Pennzoil-Quaker State Company is a leading worldwide automotive consumer products company formed in 1998, through…
Sanpaolo IMI S.p.A. →
Active · founded 1998 · Italy
1539: The Sacro Monte di Pieta is founded.
Banco Santander Central Hispano S.A. →
Active · founded 1999 · Spain
Banco Santander Central Hispano S.A.
Grupo Financiero Galicia S.A. →
Active · founded 2000 · Argentina
Grupo Financiero Galicia S.A.
Biogen Idec Inc. →
Active · founded 2003
Biogen Idec Inc., formed through the 2003 merger of Biogen Inc.
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