COMPANY·HISTORIES
NAIC 523120

Security Brokerage

How the companies in this industry began, and the forces that shaped them.

37companies1742–2000founding years37still active0no longer operating
§ 01

The industry over time

Companies foundedEconomyTechnologyEnvironmentHistory
FoundedRathbone Brothers plc
1742
FoundedCitigroup Inc.
1812
FoundedCredit Suisse Group
1856
FoundedGrupo Financiero Banamex S.A.
1884
FoundedGrupo Financiero Banorte, S.A. de C.V.
1899
1903
TechnologyThe Wright brothers achieve powered flight.
FoundedUBS AG
1912
1914
EconomyWorld War I begins; global trade reorders.
FoundedEdward D. Jones & Company L.P.
1922
1929
EconomyThe stock market crashes; the Great Depression spreads worldwide.
FoundedGrupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer S.A.
1932
1939
EconomyWorld War II begins; wartime production surges.
FoundedDaiwa Securities Group Inc.
1943
1945
EconomyThe war ends; a long global expansion begins.
1947
TechnologyThe transistor is invented.
FoundedCommerzbank A.G.
1958
TechnologyThe integrated circuit is demonstrated.
FoundedCanadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
1961
1962
EnvironmentSilent Spring launches the modern environmental movement.
FoundedAmerican International Group, Inc.
1967
FoundedWells Fargo & Company
1968
FoundedThe Ziegler Companies, Inc.
1971
EconomyThe dollar leaves the gold standard; currencies float.
1973
EconomyThe OPEC oil embargo triggers a global shock.
1975
TechnologyThe personal-computer era begins.
FoundedKohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co.
1976
1979
EconomyA second oil crisis drives inflation higher worldwide.
1981
TechnologyThe IBM PC launches and sets a standard.
FoundedInvestcorp SA
1982
1984
TechnologyApple ships the Macintosh; the GUI era begins.
FoundedBear Stearns Companies, Inc.
1985
1987
EconomyBlack Monday: markets fall sharply around the world.
1989
HistoryThe Berlin Wall falls; global markets open up.
1991
TechnologyThe World Wide Web is released to the public.
1993
TechnologyThe Mosaic browser brings the web to everyone.
1995
TechnologyWindows 95 launches; the internet goes mainstream.
FoundedFriedman, Billings, Ramsey Group, Inc.
1996
1997
EconomyThe Asian financial crisis rattles global markets.
EnvironmentThe Kyoto Protocol sets the first climate targets.
2000
EconomyThe dot-com bubble bursts.
2004
TechnologySocial media and Web 2.0 take hold.
2007
TechnologyThe iPhone launches the smartphone era.
2008
EconomyThe global financial crisis freezes credit worldwide.
2010
TechnologyCloud computing goes mainstream for business.
2015
EnvironmentThe Paris Agreement sets global climate targets.
2020
EconomyThe COVID-19 pandemic upends the global economy.
2022
EconomyInflation spikes; central banks raise rates sharply.
2023
TechnologyGenerative AI reaches mainstream business use.
§ 02

The companies

Rathbone Brothers plc →
Active · founded 1742 · United Kingdom
While Rathbone Brothers plc (Rathbones) dates its history to a 1742 founding as a Liverpool-based shipping business,…
FleetBoston Financial Corporation →
Active · founded 1791
FleetBoston Financial Corporation is the eighth largest bank in the United States and the largest in New England, with…
Citigroup Inc. →
Active · founded 1812
The largest financial services company in the world, with assets in excess of $1 trillion, Citigroup Inc.
The Bank of Nova Scotia →
Active · founded 1832 · Canada
The Bank of Nova Scotia, the second oldest bank in Canada, was the second largest Canadian bank in 2003 in term of…
Credit Suisse Group →
Active · founded 1856 · Switzerland
Credit Suisse Group, which began as a commercial bank in 1856, at a time when Switzerland was first embracing the…
Dresdner Bank A.G. →
Active · founded 1872 · Germany
The third largest bank in Germany and one of the leading international banks in Europe, Dresdner Bank A.G.
Grupo Financiero Banamex S.A. →
Active · founded 1884 · Mexico
Grupo Financiero Banamex S.A.
Banco de Chile →
Active · founded 1893 · Chile
Banco de Chile is the second largest private bank in Chile and the largest that remains under Chilean ownership.
Grupo Financiero Banorte, S.A. de C.V. →
Active · founded 1899 · Mexico
Grupo Financiero Banorte, S.A.
Bank Leumi le-Israel B.M. →
Active · founded 1902 · Israel
Bank Leumi le-Israel B.M., Israel's second-largest bank, has its origins in the modern Zionist movement of the late…
UBS AG →
Active · founded 1912 · Switzerland
UBS AG was formed from the 1998 megamerger of Swiss Bank Corporation and Union Bank of Switzerland.
Sanlam Ltd. →
Active · founded 1918 · South Africa
Sanlam Ltd.
Edward D. Jones & Company L.P. →
Active · founded 1922
Edward D.
Spear, Leeds & Kellogg →
Active · founded 1931
A subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., Spear, Leeds & Kellogg (SLK) is a Jersey City-based company that offers…
Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer S.A. →
Active · founded 1932 · Mexico
Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer S.A.
Neuberger Berman Inc. →
Active · founded 1939
Neuberger Berman Inc.
Daiwa Securities Group Inc. →
Active · founded 1943 · Japan
Daiwa Securities Group Inc.--formerly known as Daiwa Securities Co.
The Toronto-Dominion Bank →
Active · founded 1955 · Canada
The Toronto-Dominion Bank (commonly called TD Bank) ranks as Canada's second largest bank in terms of assets, trailing…
Commerzbank A.G. →
Active · founded 1958 · Germany
Commerzbank A.G.
Malayan Banking Berhad →
Active · founded 1960 · Malaysia
Malayan Banking Berhad is the holding company overseeing Malaysia's largest bank, Maybank and a range of financial…
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce →
Active · founded 1961 · Canada
The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) is Canada's third largest bank, trailing only Royal Bank of Canada and…
Ryan Beck & Co., Inc. →
Active · founded 1965
Ryan Beck & Co., Inc.
American International Group, Inc. →
Active · founded 1967
American International Group, Inc.
J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. →
Active · founded 1968
J.P.
Wells Fargo & Company →
Active · founded 1968
Wells Fargo & Company is a diversified financial services company, ranking as the seventh largest bank holding company…
Macquarie Bank Ltd. →
Active · founded 1969 · Australia
Macquarie Bank Ltd.
The Ziegler Companies, Inc. →
Active · founded 1971
The Ziegler Companies, Inc.
Synovus Financial Corp. →
Active · founded 1972
Synovus Financial Corp.
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. →
Active · founded 1976
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co.
E*Trade Financial Corporation →
Active · founded 1982
E*Trade Financial Corporation operates as a diversified financial services holding company.
Investcorp SA →
Active · founded 1982 · Bahrain
Investcorp SA is a globally operating investment group with offices in Bahrain, London, and New York.
Banco Comercial Português, SA →
Active · founded 1985 · Portugal
Banco Comercial Português, SA (BCP) is Portugal's largest financial institution.
Bear Stearns Companies, Inc. →
Active · founded 1985
Bear Stearns Companies, Inc., the holding company that owns Bear, Stearns & Company, Inc., was created on October 29,…
Knight Trading Group, Inc. →
Active · founded 1995
Based in Jersey City, New Jersey, Knight Trading Group, Inc.
Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group, Inc. →
Active · founded 1996
Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group, Inc.
Sanders Morris Harris Group Inc. →
Active · founded 1999
Sanders Morris Harris Group Inc.
Aviva PLC →
Active · founded 2000 · United Kingdom
The product of multiple mergers, Aviva PLC is the United Kingdom's largest insurance and financial services group and…
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