NAIC 454110

Mail-Order Houses

How the companies in this industry began, and the forces that shaped them.

108companies1856–1996founding years104still active4no longer operating
§ 01

The industry over time

Companies foundedEconomyTechnologyEnvironmentHistory
1903
TechnologyThe Wright brothers achieve powered flight.
1914
EconomyWorld War I begins; global trade reorders.
1929
EconomyThe stock market crashes; the Great Depression spreads worldwide.
1939
EconomyWorld War II begins; wartime production surges.
1945
EconomyThe war ends; a long global expansion begins.
1947
TechnologyThe transistor is invented.
1958
TechnologyThe integrated circuit is demonstrated.
1962
EnvironmentSilent Spring launches the modern environmental movement.
1971
EconomyThe dollar leaves the gold standard; currencies float.
1973
EconomyThe OPEC oil embargo triggers a global shock.
1975
TechnologyThe personal-computer era begins.
1979
EconomyA second oil crisis drives inflation higher worldwide.
1981
TechnologyThe IBM PC launches and sets a standard.
1984
TechnologyApple ships the Macintosh; the GUI era begins.
1987
EconomyBlack Monday: markets fall sharply around the world.
1989
HistoryThe Berlin Wall falls; global markets open up.
1991
TechnologyThe World Wide Web is released to the public.
1993
TechnologyThe Mosaic browser brings the web to everyone.
1994
TechnologyE-commerce begins to disrupt retail.
1995
TechnologyWindows 95 launches; the internet goes mainstream.
1997
EconomyThe Asian financial crisis rattles global markets.
EnvironmentThe Kyoto Protocol sets the first climate targets.
2000
EconomyThe dot-com bubble bursts.
2004
TechnologySocial media and Web 2.0 take hold.
2007
TechnologyThe iPhone launches the smartphone era.
2008
EconomyThe global financial crisis freezes credit worldwide.
2010
TechnologyCloud computing goes mainstream for business.
2015
EnvironmentThe Paris Agreement sets global climate targets.
2020
EconomyThe COVID-19 pandemic upends the global economy.
2022
EconomyInflation spikes; central banks raise rates sharply.
2023
TechnologyGenerative AI reaches mainstream business use.
§ 02

The companies

The Orvis Company, Inc.
Active · founded 1856
Founded in 1856, The Orvis Company, Inc.
The Orvis Company, Inc.
Active · founded 1856
Founded in 1856, The Orvis Company, Inc.
Hammacher Schlemmer & Company Inc.
Active · founded 1898
With over 150 years of history under its belt, Hammacher Schlemmer & Company Inc.
Hammacher Schlemmer & Company Inc.
Active · founded 1898
With over 150 years of history under its belt, Hammacher Schlemmer & Company Inc.
Marshall Field's
Defunct · founded 1901
Marshall Field's, a division of Target Corporation, is a major mid-market to upscale department store chain operating…
Marshall Field's
Defunct · founded 1901
Marshall Field's, a division of Target Corporation, is a major mid-market to upscale department store chain operating…
Nordstrom, Inc.
Active · founded 1901
Nordstrom, Inc.
Nordstrom, Inc.
Active · founded 1901
Nordstrom, Inc.
Target Corporation
Active · founded 1902
Target Corporation is the fourth largest retailer in the United States, operating 1,556 stores in 47 states.
Target Corporation
Active · founded 1902
Target Corporation is the fourth largest retailer in the United States, operating 1,556 stores in 47 states.
Sears, Roebuck and Co.
Active · founded 1906
With a network of more than 870 full-line department stores and 1,300 freestanding specialty stores in the United…
Sears, Roebuck and Co.
Active · founded 1906
With a network of more than 870 full-line department stores and 1,300 freestanding specialty stores in the United…
Hartmarx Corporation
Active · founded 1911
Hartmarx Corporation is a holding company for a number of clothing companies, including its flagship brands of men's…
Hartmarx Corporation
Active · founded 1911
Hartmarx Corporation is a holding company for a number of clothing companies, including its flagship brands of men's…
Arnoldo Mondadori Editore S.p.A.
Active · founded 1912 · Italy
Late 1980s:Battle for control of Mondadori begins between De Benedetti and Berlusconi.
Arnoldo Mondadori Editore S.p.A.
Active · founded 1912 · Italy
Late 1980s:Battle for control of Mondadori begins between De Benedetti and Berlusconi.
Kmart Corporation
Active · founded 1912
Kmart Corporation, which entered 2002 as the second largest U.S.
Kmart Corporation
Active · founded 1912
Kmart Corporation, which entered 2002 as the second largest U.S.
GUS plc
Active · founded 1917 · United Kingdom
GUS plc, formerly the Great Universal Stores plc, is one of the leading retailers in the United Kingdom and also is a…
GUS plc
Active · founded 1917 · United Kingdom
GUS plc, formerly the Great Universal Stores plc, is one of the leading retailers in the United Kingdom and also is a…
Karstadt Quelle AG
Defunct · founded 1920 · Germany
Karstadt Quelle AG is the product of the 1999 merger between German retail powerhouse Karstadt Aktiengesellschaft and…
Karstadt Quelle AG
Defunct · founded 1920 · Germany
Karstadt Quelle AG is the product of the 1999 merger between German retail powerhouse Karstadt Aktiengesellschaft and…
Takashimaya Company, Limited
Active · founded 1920 · Japan
Takashimaya Company, Limited is the oldest and one of the largest department store retailers in Japan.
Takashimaya Company, Limited
Active · founded 1920 · Japan
Takashimaya Company, Limited is the oldest and one of the largest department store retailers in Japan.
CVS Corporation
Active · founded 1922
Although it trails arch-rival Walgreen Co.
CVS Corporation
Active · founded 1922
Although it trails arch-rival Walgreen Co.
Merck & Co., Inc.
Active · founded 1927
1940s:Merck's laboratories make a series of discoveries: vitamin B12, cortisone, streptomycin.
Merck & Co., Inc.
Active · founded 1927
1940s:Merck's laboratories make a series of discoveries: vitamin B12, cortisone, streptomycin.
Boise Cascade Corporation
Active · founded 1931
Boise Cascade Corporation has grown from a small local lumber company into a major manufacturer of wood products,…
Boise Cascade Corporation
Active · founded 1931
Boise Cascade Corporation has grown from a small local lumber company into a major manufacturer of wood products,…
L.L. Bean, Inc.
Active · founded 1934
L.L.
L.L. Bean, Inc.
Active · founded 1934
L.L.
Coach, Inc.
Active · founded 1941
Late 1970s/Early 1980s:[fsps*7]Company begins a mail-order business and opens its first specialty stores.
Coach, Inc.
Active · founded 1941
Late 1970s/Early 1980s:[fsps*7]Company begins a mail-order business and opens its first specialty stores.
Current, Inc.
Active · founded 1947
Current, Inc.
Current, Inc.
Active · founded 1947
Current, Inc.
Hennes & Mauritz AB
Active · founded 1947 · Sweden
With more than 550 stores in 12 countries across Europe, Hennes & Mauritz AB (H&M) has quickly become one of the…
Hennes & Mauritz AB
Active · founded 1947 · Sweden
With more than 550 stores in 12 countries across Europe, Hennes & Mauritz AB (H&M) has quickly become one of the…
J. Crew Group, Inc.
Active · founded 1947
J.
J. Crew Group, Inc.
Active · founded 1947
J.
Circuit City Stores, Inc.
Active · founded 1949
Circuit City Stores, Inc., is the nation's second largest retailer of consumer electronics, personal computers, and…
Circuit City Stores, Inc.
Active · founded 1949
Circuit City Stores, Inc., is the nation's second largest retailer of consumer electronics, personal computers, and…
Norm Thompson Outfitters, Inc.
Active · founded 1949
Norm Thompson Outfitters, Inc.
Norm Thompson Outfitters, Inc.
Active · founded 1949
Norm Thompson Outfitters, Inc.
Otto Versand (GmbH & Co.)
Active · founded 1949 · Germany
While Otto Versand (GmbH & Co.) is the world's largest mail-order company with subsidiaries and affiliates in Europe,…
Otto Versand (GmbH & Co.)
Active · founded 1949 · Germany
While Otto Versand (GmbH & Co.) is the world's largest mail-order company with subsidiaries and affiliates in Europe,…
Publishers Clearing House
Active · founded 1953
Publishers Clearing House (PCH) is one of the largest magazine subscription agencies in the United States.
Publishers Clearing House
Active · founded 1953
Publishers Clearing House (PCH) is one of the largest magazine subscription agencies in the United States.
MNS, Ltd.
Active · founded 1955
MNS, Ltd.
MNS, Ltd.
Active · founded 1955
MNS, Ltd.
Quill Corporation
Active · founded 1956
Quill Corporation is the largest and most successful direct marketer of office products in the United States.
Quill Corporation
Active · founded 1956
Quill Corporation is the largest and most successful direct marketer of office products in the United States.
RadioShack Corporation
Active · founded 1960
RadioShack Corporation--known as Tandy Corporation from its founding in 1960 until mid-2000--is one of the largest…
RadioShack Corporation
Active · founded 1960
RadioShack Corporation--known as Tandy Corporation from its founding in 1960 until mid-2000--is one of the largest…
Best Buy Co., Inc.
Active · founded 1966
Minnesota-based Best Buy Co., Inc.
Best Buy Co., Inc.
Active · founded 1966
Minnesota-based Best Buy Co., Inc.
Eddie Bauer, Inc.
Active · founded 1968
Eddie Bauer, Inc.
Eddie Bauer, Inc.
Active · founded 1968
Eddie Bauer, Inc.
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Active · founded 1969
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Active · founded 1969
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Musicland Stores Corporation
Active · founded 1977
The leading specialty retailer in the United States of prerecorded music, movies, and audio and video accessories,…
Musicland Stores Corporation
Active · founded 1977
The leading specialty retailer in the United States of prerecorded music, movies, and audio and video accessories,…
Vitamin Shoppe Industries, Inc.
Active · founded 1977
Another part of the firm's strategy was saturation of the metropolitan markets it entered, which it had done in New…
Vitamin Shoppe Industries, Inc.
Active · founded 1977
Another part of the firm's strategy was saturation of the metropolitan markets it entered, which it had done in New…
Fingerhut Companies, Inc.
Active · founded 1978
With an active customer base of 31 million people, Fingerhut Companies, Inc.
Fingerhut Companies, Inc.
Active · founded 1978
With an active customer base of 31 million people, Fingerhut Companies, Inc.
Restoration Hardware, Inc.
Active · founded 1980
Restoration Hardware, Inc.
Restoration Hardware, Inc.
Active · founded 1980
Restoration Hardware, Inc.
HSN
Active · founded 1982
HSN, formerly known as Home Shopping Network, Inc., is the second-largest shop-at-home television network in the United…
HSN
Active · founded 1982
HSN, formerly known as Home Shopping Network, Inc., is the second-largest shop-at-home television network in the United…
PC Connection, Inc.
Active · founded 1982
PC Connection, Inc.
PC Connection, Inc.
Active · founded 1982
PC Connection, Inc.
Zingerman's Community of Businesses
Active · founded 1982
Zingerman's Community of Businesses encompasses a delicatessen, a full-service restaurant, a catering service, a…
Zingerman's Community of Businesses
Active · founded 1982
Zingerman's Community of Businesses encompasses a delicatessen, a full-service restaurant, a catering service, a…
Hanna Andersson Corp.
Active · founded 1983
Hanna Andersson Corp.
Hanna Andersson Corp.
Active · founded 1983
Hanna Andersson Corp.
Dell Inc.
Active · founded 1984
Long the world's largest direct-sale computer vendor, Dell Inc.
Dell Inc.
Active · founded 1984
Long the world's largest direct-sale computer vendor, Dell Inc.
Staples, Inc.
Active · founded 1985
Staples, Inc.
Staples, Inc.
Active · founded 1985
Staples, Inc.
Starbucks Corporation
Active · founded 1985
Starbucks Corporation is the leading roaster, retailer, and marketer of specialty coffee in North America.
Starbucks Corporation
Active · founded 1985
Starbucks Corporation is the leading roaster, retailer, and marketer of specialty coffee in North America.
Corporate Express, Inc.
Active · founded 1986
Corporate Express, Inc., wholly owned by the Dutch firm Buhrmann N.V.
Corporate Express, Inc.
Active · founded 1986
Corporate Express, Inc., wholly owned by the Dutch firm Buhrmann N.V.
Gateway, Inc.
Active · founded 1986
Following its March 2004 acquisition of eMachines, Inc., Gateway, Inc.
Gateway, Inc.
Active · founded 1986
Following its March 2004 acquisition of eMachines, Inc., Gateway, Inc.
Office Depot, Inc.
Active · founded 1986
Office Depot, Inc.
Office Depot, Inc.
Active · founded 1986
Office Depot, Inc.
Provell Inc.
Active · founded 1986
Provell Inc., formerly Damark International Inc., develops, markets, and manages membership and customer relationship…
Provell Inc.
Active · founded 1986
Provell Inc., formerly Damark International Inc., develops, markets, and manages membership and customer relationship…
Levenger Company
Active · founded 1987
A fast-growing, family-owned business, Levenger Company markets a unique array of goods via catalog, Internet, and…
Levenger Company
Active · founded 1987
A fast-growing, family-owned business, Levenger Company markets a unique array of goods via catalog, Internet, and…
The Bombay Company, Inc.
Active · founded 1987
The Bombay Company, Inc.
The Bombay Company, Inc.
Active · founded 1987
The Bombay Company, Inc.
The J. Jill Group, Inc.
Active · founded 1987
The J.
The J. Jill Group, Inc.
Active · founded 1987
The J.
The Neiman Marcus Group, Inc.
Active · founded 1987
The name Neiman Marcus is practically synonymous with upscale retailing in the United States.
The Neiman Marcus Group, Inc.
Active · founded 1987
The name Neiman Marcus is practically synonymous with upscale retailing in the United States.
Gaiam, Inc.
Active · founded 1988
Gaiam, Inc.
Gaiam, Inc.
Active · founded 1988
Gaiam, Inc.
Successories, Inc.
Active · founded 1990
Successories, Inc.
Successories, Inc.
Active · founded 1990
Successories, Inc.
Concepts Direct, Inc.
Active · founded 1992
Concepts Direct, Inc.
Concepts Direct, Inc.
Active · founded 1992
Concepts Direct, Inc.
Digital River, Inc.
Active · founded 1994
Digital River, Inc.
Digital River, Inc.
Active · founded 1994
Digital River, Inc.
Travelocity.com, Inc.
Active · founded 1996
Travelocity.com, Inc.
Travelocity.com, Inc.
Active · founded 1996
Travelocity.com, Inc.
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